Abstract Rodentia has a high species number and chromosomal variability. The South American genus Akodon is one of the most speciose muroids, with more than 40 species included in several species groups. Here, we characterize cytogenetically specimens of Akodon from central-western Argentina. Subsequently, we reviewed and analyzed the cytogenetic data for this genus, build a phylogeny and mapped chromosome changes to interpret its evolution. Specimens of A. dolores from central-western Argentina have 2n=42-44/FNa=44 (46, 48) due to a Robertsonian rearrangement. Our data expand the distribution range known for this polymorphism and confirm its geographic structure. Other specimens had 2n=40/FNa=40, representing populations of A. oenos, A. polopi, and A. spegazzinii. All karyotypes have a low amount of heterochromatin, concentrated in centromeres and sex chromosomes, as in other rodents. The complement with 2n=40/FNa=40 is the most frequent in Akodon and is shared by most species in some groups. Chromosome numbers are very diverse. The FNa shows less variability; FNa=42 was recovered as ancestral, excluding A. mimus, which was connected at the base of the Akodon tree and has FNa=44. This indicates a complex chromosome evolution in Akodon, and suggests that reductions and increases in the 2n and FNa evolved independently in some lineages.

We report the first record of occurrence of Loxodontomys pikumche Spotorno et al., 1998, in the Central Andes of Argentina. We briefly describe external characters, skull, karyotype, and habitat; also, we provide general comparisons with the other known species in the genus, L. micropus.

Se reporta el primer registro de ocurrencia de Loxodontomys pikumche Spotorno et al., 1998, para los Andes Centrales de Argentina. Se describen brevemente los caracteres externos, morfología craneal, cariotipo y hábitat; además, se ofrece una comparación general con la otra especie conocida en el género, L. micropus.

The taxonomy, phylogenetic relationships and distribution of the genus Graomys are confusing. In this note we report karyotypic data for specimens of Graomys collected in Chumbicha, Catamarca Province, Argentina. Their karyotypes agree with G. centralis with 2n = 42. The individuals from Chumbicha are similar in morphology to G. griseoflavus but smaller. Our results suggest that Chumbicha's specimens are conspecific with G. medius. Moreover, we propose to synonymize G. medius with G. centralis. Other data of the genus suggest that the name G. chacoensis should be applied to specimens with 2n = 42.

El estado taxonómico, las relaciones filogenéticas y distribución de algunas especies del genero Graomys son confusas. Aquí reportamos datos de cariotipos para especímenes de Graomys colectados en Chumbicha (Catamarca, Argentina). Los cariotipos coinciden con G. centralis con 2n = 42. Los individuos de Chumbicha son similares en morfología a G. griseoflavus, pero mas pequeños. Nuestros resultados sugieren que los ejemplares de Chumbicha son conespecíficos con G. medius. Por lo tanto proponemos sinonimizar G. medius con G. centralis. Otros datos del genero sugieren que el nombre G. chacoensis debería ser aplicado a los especímenes con 2n = 42.